A review of They Were Her Property: White Women as Slave Owners in the American South

White women were willing, able and enthusiastic participants in the institution of slavery. They were central to its proliferation and economic prosperity.
There is something in the mindset of some people that racist actions and beliefs exist out there. It’s in a distant past, and the structures and systems we know now have no ties to it and there was never a role for white women in something so unseemly. The white women of the time were positioned as an ornamental audience on the periphery of American slavery, safely ensconced away in their palatial and stately homes. I recently read Stephanie E. Jones-Rogers They Were Her Property: White Women as Slave Owners in the American South, and it is a striking and meticulous study of the very active role white women played in the institution of slavery. It is a damning series of blows against the “passive ornament” argument and states an uncomfortable truth, white women were willing, able and enthusiastic participants in the institution of slavery. They were central to its proliferation and economic prosperity.
White women used Black bodies to secure their financial independence.
In They Were Her Property, Jones-Rogers carefully articulates her argument, supported by intense archival rigor, no surprise as the book is based on her revised dissertation. Engaging and rich with personal narratives, she constructs a compelling backdrop to the broad array of legal documents used to support her argument, including probate inventories, deeds, letters, depositions, and newspapers. Jones-Rogers tracks the legal and everyday practices through which white women enthusiastically exercised control over enslaved people, made decisions about labor and punishment, bought and sold human beings, and used enslaved labor to generate independent wealth. This is an important statement – white women used Black bodies to secure their financial independence.
Jones-Rogers makes clear judgments about white women’s acts and participation in slavery that are grounded in evidence, rather than a rant. The passage of time and portraits of plantation mistresses wilting in the heat have long been used to romanticise these domestic venues, to the point they are now used as wedding venues. Jones-Rogers are presented as they were – the stage for exploitation. Passages that were once a lament for a time lost, portraits of plantation mistresses wilting in the heat, domestic interiors and genteel rituals are seen anew as the stage for gross economic exploitation.
The examination of using enslaved people as gifts to mark notable life events like a birth, coming of age, or a wedding is a powerful thread through the book that is both uncomfortable and necessary for readers to encounter. By gifting a person into the structure of the family, it reinforces the role of family as a working framework for slavery and normalises it within everyday, interpersonal relationships. The young white girls under the tutelage of mothers, aunts, and grandmothers, learned to command the labour and daily activities of enslaved people, to train Black bodies for profitable work for which only they would reap the benefits. In this way, they secured their economic and social security. Readers are forced to confront the banality of their brutality and the components of a system that brutally commodified human life.
The cultivated image of white femininity, its emphasis on wan beauty, domesticity, gentility and moral superiority fit seamlessly into the greater slave society, cementing a hierarchy of feminist representations and presented as antithetical to the extreme violence and lack of humanity that exists in the institution of slavery. The girls and ladies are so pretty and dainty, they couldn’t possibly own people, their image asks us to believe.
This book is an important read – politically, personally, and ethically. History is not a closed box, shut away with painful secrets that would never see the light of day again if we hope and pray enough. It is no secret the world (and the United States in particular) is at a point in time when the old dinosaurs of hatred are attempting a last grasp at power. White women are once again complicit, as usual. It’s hard to miss how the Trump administration wields its women, with their similarly puffed cheekbones, plastic sex appeal and amorality.
Jones-Rogers deftly presents an unflinching and unflattering examination into white women’s role in slavery and dismantles the genteel image her descendants have relied upon ever since (here’s looking at you, Carolyn Donham Bryant, Betsy DeVos, and Bari Weiss). This dramatic reshaping of white women’s role in slavery has consequences for the conversations we are having today and the ferocious dismantling of the American government we are seeing.
Recommended Reading Level
They Were Her Property is a college-level to general adult–level text. It is grounded in rigorous historical scholarship and written with academic precision, but at the same time, Jones-Rogers’ prose is lyrical and accessible to a public audience.
I listened to the audiobook version, narrated by Allyson Johnson.
On a practical level – Jones-Rogers’ work is accessible without sacrificing any of her research. It will be unsettling. Slavery is always disturbing.
Recommended to readers invested in decolonizing their previous learning, gender studies, American history and women’s history. Jones-Roger’s’ research is part of a larger scholarly reorientation that demands we consider how our past and present collide under racial capitalism.
- Women, Property, and Power: How They Were Her Property Challenges Passive White Innocence in American Slavery
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- Hitlers Furies: Women Unleashed in the Reich
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- Review of a Poet’s Memoir: Looking at Women, Looking at War by Victoria Amelina
Check out my Review of Tales of Koehler Hollow, it is the family story of Amy, a formerly enslaved woman who built a home in freedom for her family.







